Q1. Earthworms are:
a) Unisexual
b) Bisexual
c) Asexual
d) None
✓ b) Bisexual (Hermaphrodite)
Explanation: Each earthworm has both male and female organs but requires cross-fertilization (NEET 2022).
Q2. Spermathecae in earthworms store:
a) Eggs
b) Sperm from mate
c) Nutrients
d) Waste
✓ b) Sperm from mate
Explanation: 4 pairs of spermathecae (6-9 segments) store sperm received during copulation.
Q3. Cockroaches show:
a) Internal fertilization
b) External fertilization
c) Both
d) None
✓ a) Internal fertilization
Explanation: Males transfer sperm via spermatophore (NEET 2021).
Q4. Ootheca of cockroach contains:
a) 1-2 eggs
b) 8-16 eggs
c) 50-100 eggs
d) 200-300 eggs
✓ b) 8-16 eggs
Explanation: Dark brown capsule deposited in moist areas.
Q5. Fertilization in frogs is:
a) Internal
b) External
c) Both
d) None
✓ b) External
Explanation: Occurs in water during amplexus (NEET 2023).
Q6. Jelly layers around frog eggs are secreted by:
a) Ovary
b) Oviduct
c) Cloaca
d) Liver
✓ b) Oviduct
Explanation: 3 jelly layers added as eggs pass through oviduct.
Q7. Spermatophore is used by:
a) Earthworm only
b) Cockroach only
c) Both earthworm & cockroach
d) Frog
✓ c) Both earthworm & cockroach
Explanation: Package of sperm transferred during mating.
Q8. External fertilization occurs in:
a) Earthworm
b) Cockroach
c) Frog
d) None
✓ c) Frog
Explanation: Eggs and sperm released into water.
Q9. The clitellum in earthworms is present in segments:
a) 1-3
b) 5-7
c) 14-16
d) 18-22
✓ c) 14-16
Explanation: This glandular ring secretes cocoon material during reproduction (NEET 2021).
Q10. During copulation, earthworms exchange:
a) Eggs
b) Spermatophores
c) Ova
d) Cocoons
✓ b) Spermatophores
Explanation: Mutual sperm transfer occurs through genital pores.
The number of ovarioles in each cockroach ovary is:
a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 16
✓ c) 8
Explanation: Each ovary has 8 tubular ovarioles producing ova.
Q11. Male cockroaches can be identified by:
a) Anal styles
b) Brood pouch
c) Ootheca
d) Spermathecae
✓ a) Anal styles
Explanation: Paired thread-like structures absent in females.
Q12. The hormone controlling frog metamorphosis is:
a) Thyroxine
b) Insulin
c) Estrogen
d) Testosterone
✓ a) Thyroxine
Explanation: Secreted by thyroid gland, regulates tadpole development.
Q13. Frog's Bidder's canal is part of:
a) Female reproductive system
b) Male urinary system
c) Male reproductive system
d) Nervous system
✓ c) Male reproductive system
Explanation: Connects testes to kidneys in male frogs.
Q14. Internal fertilization but external development occurs in:
a) Earthworm
b) Cockroach
c) Frog
d) Both b & c
✓ b) Cockroach
Explanation: Fertilization internal but ootheca deposited externally.
Q15. Parthenogenesis is seen in:
a) Earthworm
b) Cockroach
c) Frog
d) None
✓ b) Cockroach
Explanation: Some species can reproduce asexually via parthenogenesis.
Q16. Yolk distribution in frog eggs is:
a) Isolecithal
b) Telolecithal
c) Centrolecithal
d) Alecithal
✓ b) Telolecithal
Explanation: Yolk concentrated at vegetal pole.
Q17. Genital papillae in earthworms are located in:
a) Segments 5-6
b) Segments 9-10
c) Segments 17-18
d) Segments 26-27
✓ c) Segments 17-18
Explanation: These small protrusions help align worms during copulation for sperm transfer (NEET 2022).
Q18. Cocoon formation in earthworms is initiated by:
a) Clitellar secretions
b) Spermathecae
c) Ovaries
d) Seminal vesicles
✓ a) Clitellar secretions
Explanation: The clitellum (segments 14-16) secretes mucus to form the cocoon capsule.
Q19. Spermatophore of cockroach is deposited in:
a) Female's genital chamber
b) Ootheca
c) Soil
d) Male's abdominal cavity
✓ a) Female's genital chamber
Explanation: Sperm packet is transferred to female's genital pouch during mating.
Q20. Nymph of cockroach differs from adult in lacking:
a) Antennae
b) Wings
c) Legs
d) Mouthparts
✓ b) Wings
Explanation: Nymphs undergo gradual metamorphosis (hemimetabolous), developing wings only in adult stage.
Q21. Jelly layers around frog eggs function to:
a) Provide nutrients
b) Prevent polyspermy
c) Protect from UV radiation
d) Both b and c
✓ d) Both b and c
Explanation: The multiple jelly layers offer physical protection and prevent multiple sperm entry.
Q22. Hormone responsible for metamorphosis in frogs is secreted by:
a) Pituitary
b) Thyroid
c) Adrenal
d) Pancreas
✓ b) Thyroid
Explanation: Thyroxine from thyroid gland regulates tadpole transformation (NEET 2023).
Q23. Which organism shows traumatic insemination?
a) Earthworm
b) Cockroach
c) Frog
d) None
✓ d) None
Explanation: Traumatic insemination occurs in bed bugs, not these species.
Q24. External fertilization is seen in:
a) Earthworm and frog
b) Cockroach and frog
c) Frog only
d) Earthworm and cockroach
✓ c) Frog only
Explanation: Only frogs exhibit external fertilization among these three.
Q25. Type of cleavage in cockroach eggs is:
a) Holoblastic
b) Meroblastic
c) Superficial
d) Spiral
✓ c) Superficial
Explanation: Due to large yolk content, cleavage is restricted to surface cytoplasm.
Q26. Bidder's canal connects:
a) Frog testes to kidneys
b) Earthworm ovaries to spermathecae
c) Cockroach testes to vas deferens
d) Frog ovaries to oviducts
✓ a) Frog testes to kidneys
Explanation: Unique to male frog reproductive anatomy.
Q27. Structure labeled 'X' storing received sperm is:
a) Seminal vesicle
b) Spermatheca
c) Clitellum
d) Ovary
✓ b) Spermatheca
Explanation: 4 pairs of spermathecae store partner's sperm.
Q28. A student observes a frog egg dividing completely into equal blastomeres. This is:
a) Holoblastic equal cleavage
b) Meroblastic cleavage
c) Superficial cleavage
d) Discoidal cleavage
✓ a) Holoblastic equal cleavage
Explanation: Frog eggs show complete (holoblastic) and nearly equal division due to moderate yolk.
Q29. Spermathecal pores in earthworms open in segments:
a) 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9
b) 9/10, 10/11, 11/12, 12/13
c) 14/15, 15/16, 16/17
d) 18/19, 19/20
✓ a) 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9
Explanation: 4 pairs of spermathecal pores are located between these segments for sperm reception.
Q30. Cocoon formation in earthworms involves secretion from:
a) Pharyngeal glands
b) Clitellar glands
c) Calciferous glands
d) Integumentary glands
✓ b) Clitellar glands
Explanation: The clitellum (segments 14-16) secretes mucus and albumen for cocoon formation.
Q31. Number of eggs in a Periplaneta americana ootheca is:
a) 8-10
b) 14-16
c) 24-28
d) 32-40
✓ b) 14-16
Explanation: American cockroaches produce oothecae containing 14-16 eggs on average.
Q32. Spermatophore of cockroaches is formed by secretions from:
a) Mushroom glands
b) Conglobate gland
c) Both a and b
d) Seminal vesicles
✓ c) Both a and b
Explanation: Mushroom glands produce spermatophore wall while conglobate gland contributes to seminal fluid.
Q33. Cortical reaction in frog eggs is triggered by:
a) Sperm penetration
b) Water absorption
c) Temperature change
d) Light exposure
✓ a) Sperm penetration
Explanation: Cortical granules release enzymes upon sperm entry to prevent polyspermy.
Q34. Gray crescent in frog eggs marks the future:
a) Anterior end
b) Dorsal side
c) Ventral side
d) Blastopore
✓ b) Dorsal side
Explanation: This pigmented area establishes the dorsal-ventral axis during gastrulation.
Q35. Which organism exhibits meroblastic cleavage?
a) Earthworm
b) Cockroach
c) Frog
d) All of these
✓ b) Cockroach
Explanation: Cockroach eggs show superficial meroblastic cleavage due to large yolk content.
Q36. Internal fertilization occurs in:
a) Earthworm and cockroach
b) Cockroach and frog
c) Earthworm and frog
d) All three
✓ a) Earthworm and cockroach
Explanation: Frogs show external fertilization while the other two have internal fertilization.
Q37. Vitelline membrane in frog eggs is derived from:
a) Oocyte itself
b) Oviduct secretions
c) Ovarian follicle cells
d) Cloacal glands
✓ a) Oocyte itself
Explanation: Primary egg membrane secreted by the oocyte during oogenesis.
Q38. Parthenogenesis can occur in:
a) Earthworms
b) Some cockroach species
c) Frogs
d) All three
✓ b) Some cockroach species
Explanation: Certain cockroaches can reproduce asexually via parthenogenesis.
Q39. Structure producing spermatophore wall is labeled:
a) A (Mushroom gland)
b) B (Conglobate gland)
c) C (Seminal vesicle)
d) D (Ejaculatory duct)
✓ a) A (Mushroom gland)
Explanation: Mushroom shaped utricular glands produce spermatophore components.
Q40. An earthworm cocoon contains 2-20 eggs but only 1 develops because:
a) Limited nutrients
b) Sibling cannibalism
c) Hormonal suppression
d) Genetic selection
✓ a) Limited nutrients
Explanation: The albuminous fluid can typically sustain only one embryo to maturity.
q41. Genital openings of earthworms are located in segment:
a) 10 (male) and 14 (female)
b) 14 (male) and 10 (female)
c) 18 (male) and 14 (female)
d) 14 (male) and 18 (female)
✓ c) 18 (male) and 14 (female)
Explanation: Male genital pores are on segment 18, female pores on segment 14 (NEET 2023 pattern).
Q42. During cocoon formation, the earthworm secretes:
a) Albumen and mucus
b) Chitin and calcium
c) Keratin and wax
d) Silica and resin
✓ a) Albumen and mucus
Explanation: Clitellum secretes protein-rich albumen and mucus for cocoon formation.
Q43. Ejaculatory duct of male cockroach receives secretions from:
a) Mushroom gland only
b) Conglobate gland only
c) Both mushroom and conglobate glands
d) Seminal vesicle only
✓ c) Both mushroom and conglobate glands
Explanation: Both glands contribute to spermatophore formation.
Q44. Ootheca formation in cockroaches is controlled by:
a) Juvenile hormone
b) Ecdysone
c) Adrenaline
d) Thyroxine
✓ a) Juvenile hormone
Explanation: JH regulates reproductive processes including ootheca production.
Q45. Jelly layers around frog eggs are numbered from inside as:
a) 1-3
b) 1-5
c) 1-7
d) 1-9
✓ a) 1-3
Explanation: Three distinct layers: inner (1), middle (2), outer (3) jelly coats.
Q46. Phenomenon preventing polyspermy in frogs is:
a) Fast block
b) Slow block
c) Both
d) Neither
✓ c) Both
Explanation: Fast electrical block (1-3 sec) followed by slow mechanical block (cortical reaction).
Q47. Direct development occurs in:
a) Earthworm
b) Cockroach nymph
c) Frog tadpole
d) All three
✓ a) Earthworm
Explanation: Earthworms hatch as miniature adults without larval stage.
Q48. Spermathecae are present in:
a) Earthworm only
b) Cockroach only
c) Both earthworm and cockroach
d) Frog
✓ c) Both earthworm and cockroach
Explanation: Both have sperm storage organs, though different in structure.
Q49. Germinal disc in cockroach egg is:
a) Yolk-free cytoplasm
b) Extraembryonic membrane
c) Sperm entry point
d) Protective coating
✓ a) Yolk-free cytoplasm
Explanation: Site of cleavage in centrolecithal eggs.
Q50. Bidder's canal is homologous to:
a) Earthworm spermatheca
b) Cockroach ejaculatory duct
c) Mammalian vas deferens
d) Avian oviduct
✓ c) Mammalian vas deferens
Explanation: Both transport sperm from testes to urethra/kidney.
Q51. Vitelline membrane is labeled:
a) A (innermost layer)
b) B (middle layer)
c) C (outermost layer)
d) D (perivitelline space)
✓ a) A (innermost layer)
Explanation: Directly surrounds oocyte, secreted by egg itself.
Q52. A student observes an earthworm depositing 4 cocoons/hour. This indicates:
a) Normal reproductive rate
b) Environmental stress
c) Parasitic infection
d) Asexual reproduction
✓ a) Normal reproductive rate
Explanation: Healthy earthworms can produce 4-6 cocoons/hour during breeding season.
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