Q1. Which organelle is called the "powerhouse of the cell"?
(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Nucleus
(d) Lysosome
Answer: (b) Mitochondria
Q2. The fluid mosaic model is related to:
(a) Cell wall
(b) Plasma membrane
(c) Nucleus
(d) Ribosome
Answer: (b) Plasma membrane
Q3. Which of the following is not a part of the endomembrane system?
(a) Golgi body
(b) Mitochondria
(c) ER
(d) Lysosome
Answer: (b) Mitochondria
2. Genetics & Evolution
Q4. Who is known as the "Father of Genetics"?
(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Gregor Mendel
(c) T.H. Morgan
(d) Watson & Crick
Answer: (b) Gregor Mendel
Q5. A cross between two heterozygous tall plants (Tt × Tt) will produce what ratio of tall to dwarf plants?
(a) 3:1
(b) 1:2:1
(c) 1:1
(d) 9:3:3:1
Answer: (a) 3:1
Q6. Which enzyme is used to join DNA fragments?
(a) DNA polymerase
(b) RNA polymerase
(c) Ligase
(d) Helicase
Answer: (c) Ligase
Q7. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?
(a) Insulin
(b) Thyroxine
(c) Adrenaline
(d) Estrogen
Answer: (a) Insulin
Q8. The functional unit of the kidney is:
(a) Neuron
(b) Nephron
(c) Alveoli
(d) Villi
Answer: (b) Nephron
Q9. Oxygen is transported in blood mainly by:
(a) Plasma
(b) Platelets
(c) Hemoglobin
(d) Lymph
Answer: (c) Hemoglobin
Q10. The process of water movement through a plant is called:
(a) Transpiration
(b) Photosynthesis
(c) Respiration
(d) Translocation
Answer: (a) Transpiration
Q11. Which pigment is responsible for photosynthesis?
(a) Melanin
(b) Chlorophyll
(c) Hemoglobin
(d) Xanthophyll
Answer: (b) Chlorophyll
Q12. The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by:
(a) Guard cells
(b) Xylem
(c) Phloem
(d) Root pressure
Answer: (a) Guard cells
Q13. The ozone layer protects us from:
(a) UV rays
(b) Infrared rays
(c) X-rays
(d) Gamma rays
Answer: (a) UV rays
Q14. Which gas is a major greenhouse gas?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Hydrogen
Answer: (c) Carbon dioxide
Q15. The first trophic level in a food chain is always:
(a) Herbivores
(b) Carnivores
(c) Producers
(d) Decomposers
Answer: (c) Producers
Q16. In humans, fertilization occurs in the:
(a) Uterus
(b) Ovary
(c) Fallopian tube
(d) Vagina
Answer: (c) Fallopian tube
Q17. Which cells produce testosterone?
(a) Sertoli cells
(b) Leydig cells
(c) Granulosa cells
(d) Oocytes
Answer: (b) Leydig cells
Q18. The placenta is derived from:
(a) Maternal tissue only
(b) Fetal tissue only
(c) Both maternal and fetal tissue
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) Both maternal and fetal tissue
Q19. PCR stands for:
(a) Polymerase Chain Reaction
(b) Protein Coding Region
(c) Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction
(d) Polymerase Coding Region
Answer: (a) Polymerase Chain Reaction
Q20. The vector used in human insulin production is:
(a) Agrobacterium
(b) E. coli
(c) Bacillus thuringiensis
(d) Rhizobium
Answer: (b) E. coli
Q21. Which of the following is a viral disease?
(a) Tuberculosis
(b) Malaria
(c) AIDS
(d) Typhoid
Answer: (c) AIDS
Q22. The vaccine for smallpox was developed by:
(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) Robert Koch
(c) Edward Jenner
(d) Alexander Fleming
Answer: (c) Edward Jenner
9. Diversity in Living Organisms
Q23. Binomial nomenclature was introduced by:
(a) Darwin
(b) Linnaeus
(c) Lamarck
(d) Mendel
Answer: (b) Linnaeus
Q24. Which is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom?
(a) Mollusca
(b) Arthropoda
(c) Chordata
(d) Annelida
Answer: (b) Arthropoda
Q25. The tissue responsible for growth in plants is:
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma
(d) Meristematic
Answer: (d) Meristematic
Q26. Which type of epithelium is present in the lining of blood vessels?
(a) Squamous
(b) Cuboidal
(c) Columnar
(d) Ciliated
Answer: (a) Squamous
Q27. Which biomolecule is the main energy source for cells?
(a) Proteins
(b) Lipids
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Nucleic acids
Answer: (c) Carbohydrates
Q28. Enzymes are made up of:
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Fats
(d) Vitamins
Answer: (b) Proteins
Q29. The enzyme that digests starch is:
(a) Pepsin
(b) Amylase
(c) Lipase
(d) Trypsin
Answer: (b) Amylase
Q30. The hormone responsible for ovulation is:
(a) Progesterone
(b) Estrogen
(c) LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
(d) FSH
Answer: (c) LH
Q31. The fertilized egg is called:
(a) Zygote
(b) Blastocyst
(c) Morula
(d) Gastrula
Answer: (a) Zygote
Q32. The male gamete in humans is produced in the:
(a) Epididymis
(b) Vas deferens
(c) Seminiferous tubules
(d) Prostate gland
Answer: (c) Seminiferous tubules
Q33. Pollen grains are produced in the:
(a) Ovary
(b) Anther
(c) Stigma
(d) Style
Answer: (b) Anther
Q34. Parthenocarpy results in the formation of:
(a) Seedless fruits
(b) Seeds without fertilization
(c) Polyploidy
(d) GMOs
Answer: (a) Seedless fruits
Q35. The fusion of male and female gametes in plants is called:
(a) Pollination
(b) Fertilization
(c) Germination
(d) Double fertilization
Answer: (d) Double fertilization
14. Evolution
Q36. Darwin’s theory of natural selection is based on:
(a) Inheritance of acquired characters
(b) Survival of the fittest
(c) Use and disuse of organs
(d) Mutation theory
Answer: (b) Survival of the fittest
Q37. Which evidence supports evolution?
(a) Fossils
(b) Analogous organs
(c) Homologous organs
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Q38. The book "Origin of Species" was written by:
(a) Lamarck
(b) Darwin
(c) Mendel
(d) Hugo de Vries
Answer: (b) Darwin
Q39. Bt cotton is resistant to:
(a) Insects
(b) Bacteria
(c) Viruses
(d) Fungi
Answer: (a) Insects
Q40. The first transgenic cow produced:
(a) Human insulin
(b) Human growth hormone
(c) Alpha-lactalbumin (protein in milk)
(d) Hemoglobin
Answer: (c) Alpha-lactalbumin
Q41. RNA interference (RNAi) is used for:
(a) Gene silencing
(b) DNA replication
(c) Protein synthesis
(d) Mutation induction
Answer: (a) Gene silencing
Q42. Which disease is caused by a vitamin C deficiency?
(a) Scurvy
(b) Rickets
(c) Beriberi
(d) Pellagra
Answer: (a) Scurvy
Q43. Malaria is transmitted by:
(a) Anopheles mosquito
(b) Aedes mosquito
(c) Culex mosquito
(d) Housefly
Answer: (a) Anopheles mosquito
Q44. HIV attacks which cells in humans?
(a) RBCs
(b) WBCs (T-helper cells)
(c) Platelets
(d) Neurons
Answer: (b) WBCs (T-helper cells)
17. Ecology & Environment
Q45. The term "biodiversity hotspot" refers to:
(a) Areas with high species richness
(b) Areas with extreme temperatures
(c) Polar regions
(d) Deserts
Answer: (a) Areas with high species richness
Q46. The Montreal Protocol is related to:
(a) Climate change
(b) Ozone depletion
(c) Deforestation
(d) Wildlife conservation
Answer: (b) Ozone depletion
Q47. The 10% law in energy flow is associated with:
(a) Lindeman
(b) Darwin
(c) Mendel
(d) Odum
Answer: (a) Lindeman
18. Structural Organization in Animals
Q48. Which tissue connects bones to muscles?
(a) Ligament
(b) Tendon
(c) Cartilage
(d) Adipose tissue
Answer: (b) Tendon
Q49. The largest cell in the human body is:
(a) Neuron
(b) Ovum
(c) RBC
(d) WBC
Answer: (b) Ovum
Q50. The pH of gastric juice is approximately:
(a) 1.5–2.0
(b) 7.0
(c) 8.0
(d) 10.0
Answer: (a) 1.5–2.0
Q51. The hormone responsible for cell elongation is:
(a) Auxin
(b) Gibberellin
(c) Cytokinin
(d) Abscisic acid
Answer: (a) Auxin
Q52. Phototropism is a response to:
(a) Light
(b) Gravity
(c) Water
(d) Touch
Answer: (a) Light
Q53. Vernalization is related to:
(a) Flowering
(b) Seed germination
(c) Fruit ripening
(d) Leaf fall
Answer: (a) Flowering
20. Microbes & Human Welfare
Q54. Yeast is used in the production of:
(a) Bread
(b) Cheese
(c) Yogurt
(d) Vinegar
Answer: (a) Bread
Q55. The antibiotic penicillin is obtained from:
(a) Bacteria
(b) Fungi
(c) Algae
(d) Virus
Answer: (b) Fungi
Q56. Which bacterium is used in biogas production?
(a) Escherichia coli
(b) Methanobacterium
(c) Lactobacillus
(d) Rhizobium
Answer: (b) Methanobacterium
Q57. The normal blood pressure in humans is:
(a) 120/80 mmHg
(b) 140/90 mmHg
(c) 100/60 mmHg
(d) 160/100 mmHg
Answer: (a) 120/80 mmHg
Q58. The pacemaker of the heart is the:
(a) SA node
(b) AV node
(c) Purkinje fibers
(d) Bundle of His
Answer: (a) SA node
Q59. Which blood group is a universal donor?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) AB
(d) O
Answer: (d) O
Q60. The site of gas exchange in lungs is:
(a) Bronchi
(b) Alveoli
(c) Trachea
(d) Pharynx
Answer: (b) Alveoli
Q61. Hemoglobin has the highest affinity for:
(a) CO₂
(b) O₂
(c) CO
(d) NO
Answer: (c) CO
Q62. The diaphragm helps in:
(a) Digestion
(b) Respiration
(c) Circulation
(d) Excretion
Answer: (b) Respiration
23. Neural Control & Coordination
Q63. The neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions is:
(a) Dopamine
(b) Acetylcholine
(c) Serotonin
(d) GABA
Answer: (b) Acetylcholine
Q64. The part of the brain responsible for memory is:
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Medulla
(d) Hypothalamus
Answer: (a) Cerebrum
Q65. The reflex action is controlled by:
(a) Brain
(b) Spinal cord
(c) Both (a) & (b)
(d) Peripheral nerves
Answer: (b) Spinal cord
Q66. The functional unit of the kidney is:
(a) Neuron
(b) Nephron
(c) Alveoli
(d) Villi
Answer: (b) Nephron
Q67. ADH acts on:
(a) Heart
(b) Kidney
(c) Liver
(d) Lungs
Answer: (b) Kidney
Q68. The main nitrogenous waste in humans is:
(a) Ammonia
(b) Urea
(c) Uric acid
(d) Creatinine
Answer: (b) Urea
Q69. Bile is produced by:
(a) Liver
(b) Pancreas
(c) Stomach
(d) Small intestine
Answer: (a) Liver
Q70. The enzyme pepsin digests:
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Fats
(d) Nucleic acids
Answer: (b) Proteins
Q71. Villi are present in:
(a) Stomach
(b) Small intestine
(c) Large intestine
(d) Esophagus
Answer: (b) Small intestine
Q72. Binary fission is seen in:
(a) Amoeba
(b) Humans
(c) Earthworms
(d) Plants
Answer: (a) Amoeba
Q73. Parthenogenesis is a type of:
(a) Sexual reproduction
(b) Asexual reproduction
(c) Vegetative propagation
(d) Fertilization
Answer: (b) Asexual reproduction
Q74. The male reproductive part of a flower is:
(a) Pistil
(b) Stamen
(c) Petal
(d) Sepal
Answer: (b) Stamen
Q75. The structure of DNA was discovered by:
(a) Mendel
(b) Watson & Crick
(c) Darwin
(d) Lamarck
Answer: (b) Watson & Crick
Q76. The process of copying DNA is called:
(a) Transcription
(b) Translation
(c) Replication
(d) Mutation
Answer: (c) Replication
Q77. mRNA carries the genetic code from:
(a) DNA to ribosomes
(b) Ribosomes to DNA
(c) Nucleus to cytoplasm
(d) Cytoplasm to nucleus
Answer: (a) DNA to ribosomes
Q78. Restriction enzymes are used in:
(a) DNA cutting
(b) DNA synthesis
(c) Protein synthesis
(d) RNA splicing
Answer: (a) DNA cutting
Q79. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA based on:
(a) Charge
(b) Size
(c) Color
(d) Shape
Answer: (b) Size
Q80. The Ti plasmid is used in genetic engineering of:
(a) Animals
(b) Plants
(c) Bacteria
(d) Fungi
Answer: (b) Plants
Q81. A group of individuals of the same species is called:
(a) Community
(b) Population
(c) Ecosystem
(d) Biome
Answer: (b) Population
Q82. An example of a mutualistic relationship is:
(a) Lichen
(b) Predation
(c) Parasitism
(d) Competition
Answer: (a) Lichen
Q83. The study of interactions between organisms and their environment is:
(a) Genetics
(b) Ecology
(c) Evolution
(d) Physiology
Answer: (b) Ecology
30. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Q84. Inbreeding is used to:
(a) Increase heterozygosity
(b) Increase homozygosity
(c) Introduce mutations
(d) Reduce yield
Answer: (b) Increase homozygosity
Q85. MOET stands for:
(a) Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer
(b) Molecular Orbital Energy Transfer
(c) Mitochondrial Oxidative Enzyme Test
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer
Q86. Apiculture is related to:
(a) Fish farming
(b) Bee keeping
(c) Poultry
(d) Dairy
Answer: (b) Bee keeping
Q87. Eutrophication is caused by excess:
(a) CO₂
(b) Nitrogen & Phosphorus
(c) Oxygen
(d) Heavy metals
Answer: (b) Nitrogen & Phosphorus
Q88. The "Chipko Movement" was related to:
(a) Water conservation
(b) Forest conservation
(c) Air pollution
(d) Wildlife protection
Answer: (b) Forest conservation
Q89. The main cause of ozone depletion is:
(a) CO₂
(b) CFCs
(c) SO₂
(d) NO₂
Answer: (b) CFCs
Q90. The hormone that regulates sleep is:
(a) Melatonin
(b) Insulin
(c) Thyroxine
(d) Adrenaline
Answer: (a) Melatonin
Q91. The largest gland in the human body is:
(a) Pancreas
(b) Liver
(c) Thyroid
(d) Pituitary
Answer: (b) Liver
Q92. The "Father of Indian Green Revolution" is:
(a) M.S. Swaminathan
(b) C.V. Raman
(c) Hargobind Khorana
(d) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Answer: (a) M.S. Swaminathan
Q93. A dihybrid cross ratio is:
(a) 3:1
(b) 9:3:3:1
(c) 1:2:1
(d) 1:1:1:1
Answer: (b) 9:3:3:1
Q94. Klinefelter’s syndrome has the genotype:
(a) 45, X
(b) 47, XXY
(c) 47, XYY
(d) 46, XY
Answer: (b) 47, XXY
Q95. The process of RNA synthesis from DNA is:
(a) Replication
(b) Transcription
(c) Translation
(d) Mutation
Answer: (b) Transcription
Q96. The hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla is:
(a) Cortisol
(b) Adrenaline
(c) Insulin
(d) Thyroxine
Answer: (b) Adrenaline
Q97. The part of the brain controlling hunger is:
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Hypothalamus
(c) Medulla
(d) Thalamus
Answer: (b) Hypothalamus
Q98. The vitamin synthesized by gut bacteria is:
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B12
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
Answer: (b) Vitamin B12
Q99. The C4 pathway is seen in:
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Maize
(d) Potato
Answer: (c) Maize
Q100. The pigment involved in photoperiodism is:
(a) Chlorophyll
(b) Phytochrome
(c) Xanthophyll
(d) Carotene
Answer: (b) Phytochrome
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