Cell Biology and Molecular Biology

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Cell Biology and Molecular Biology

Question 1: What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

a) Golgi apparatus

b) Ribosome

c) Mitochondria

d) Lysosome

Answer: b) Ribosome

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Question 2:What does the fluid mosaic model describe?

a) Cell wall

b) Plasma membrane

c) Nucleus

d) Ribosome

Answer: b) Plasma membrane


Question 3:Which of these is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

a) Lipid synthesis

b) Protein synthesis

c) Detoxification

d) ATP production

Answer: d) ATP production


Question 4:Which organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell?

a) Nucleus

b) Mitochondria

c) Chloroplast

d) Ribosome

Answer: b) Mitochondria


Question 5:Which organelle is semi-autonomous?

a) Golgi apparatus

b) Mitochondria

c) Lysosome

d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: b) Mitochondria


Question 6 Who is considered the father of genetics?

a) Charles Darwin

b) Gregor Mendel

c) Watson and Crick

d) Hugo de Vries

Answer: b) Gregor Mendel


Question 7: What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?

a) 3:1

b) 1:2:1

c) 9:3:3:1

d) 1:1

Answer: a) 3:1


Question 7: Which of these is a sex-linked disorder?

a) Haemophilia

b) Down syndrome

c) Turner syndrome

d) Klinefelter syndrome

Answer: a) Haemophilia


Question 8: What is the process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA called?

a) Translation

b) Transcription

c) Replication

d) Mutation

Answer: b) Transcription


Question 9: Which of these is an example of a point mutation?

a) Deletion

b) Insertion

c) Substitution

d) Duplication

Answer: c) Substitution


Question 10: Which enzyme is found in saliva?

a) Pepsin

b) Amylase

c) Trypsin

d) Lipase

Answer: b) Amylase


Question 11: What protein carries oxygen in red blood cells?

a) Hemoglobin

b) Myoglobin

c) Collagen

d) Keratin

Answer: a) Hemoglobin


Question 12: Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

a) Cerebrum

b) Cerebellum

c) Medulla oblongata

d) Thalamus

Answer: b) Cerebellum


Question 13: Which hormone is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?

a) Insulin

b) Adrenaline

c) Thyroxine

d) Estrogen

Answer: b) Adrenaline


Question 14: Which of these is NOT a function of the kidney?

a) Filtration of blood

b) Regulation of blood pressure

c) Production of bile

d) Regulation of electrolyte balance

Answer: c) Production of bile


Question 15: What is the process of water loss from plants called?

a) Transpiration

b) Photosynthesis

c) Respiration

d) Guttation

Answer: a) Transpiration


Question 16: Which pigment is essential for photosynthesis?

a) Chlorophyll

b) Carotene

c) Xanthophyll

d) Phycobilin

Answer: a) Chlorophyll


Question 17: What regulates the opening and closing of stomata?

a) Guard cells

b) Epidermal cells

c) Mesophyll cells

d) Xylem cells

Answer: a) Guard cells


Question 18: Which of these is a macronutrient for plants?

a) Zinc

b) Iron

c) Nitrogen

d) Manganese

Answer: c) Nitrogen


Question 19: What is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy called?

a) Respiration

b) Photosynthesis

c) Transpiration

d) Fermentation

Answer: b) Photosynthesis


Question 19: Where does fertilization typically occur in humans?

a) Ovary

b) Uterus

c) Fallopian tube

d) Vagina

Answer: c) Fallopian tube


Question 20: Which hormone is responsible for male reproductive functions?

a) Estrogen

b) Progesterone

c) Testosterone

d) Prolactin

Answer: c) Testosterone


Question 21: What is the process of gamete formation called?

a) Fertilization

b) Gametogenesis

c) Embryogenesis

d) Spermatogenesis

Answer: b) Gametogenesis


Question 22: Which of these is NOT part of the female reproductive system?

a) Ovary

b) Uterus

c) Testis

d) Fallopian tube

Answer: c) Testis


Question 23: Which hormones regulate the menstrual cycle?

a) Estrogen and progesterone

b) Testosterone and estrogen

c) Insulin and glucagon

d) Thyroxine and calcitonin

Answer: a) Estrogen and progesterone


Question 24:What is the primary source of energy in an ecosystem?

a) Sun

b) Water

c) Soil

d) Air

Answer: a) Sun


Question 25: Which of these is a greenhouse gas?

a) Oxygen

b) Nitrogen

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Hydrogen

Answer: c) Carbon dioxide


Question 26: What is the process of converting nitrogen into ammonia called?

a) Nitrification

b) Denitrification

c) Nitrogen fixation

d) Ammonification

Answer: c) Nitrogen fixation


Question 27: Which of these is a renewable resource?

a) Coal

b) Petroleum

c) Solar energy

d) Natural gas

Answer: c) Solar energy


Question 28: What does biodiversity refer to?

a) Variety of life on Earth

b) Variety of plants only

c) Variety of animals only

d) Variety of microorganisms only

Answer: a) Variety of life on Earth


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