Q1. CRISPR-Cas9 targets:
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Proteins
d) Lipids
✓ a) DNA
Explanation: Gene-editing tool using guide RNA to cut specific DNA sequences (NEET 2024 trend).
Q2. Telomerase is a.
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
c) Ligase
d) Helicase
✓ b) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Explanation: Adds TTAGGG repeats using its RNA template (NEET 2023 Q).
Q3. A cross between AaBb × AaBb yields 9:3:3:1 ratio. This demonstrates:
a) Linkage
b) Independent assortment
c) Codominance
d) Pleiotropy
✓ b) Independent assortment
Explanation: Mendel's 2nd law for dihybrid cross (NEET 2024 expected).
Q4. Genomic imprinting involves:
a) DNA methylation
b) Histone acetylation
c) tRNA modification
d) Alternative splicing
✓ a) DNA methylation
Explanation: Parent-specific epigenetic silencing (NEET 2023 Q).
Q5. Oxyntic cells secrete:
a) Pepsinogen
b) HCl
c) Mucus
d) Gastrin
✓ b) HCl
Explanation: Parietal cells in gastric glands (NEET 2024 expected).
Q6. Juxtaglomerular apparatus involves:
a) Macula densa + JG cells
b) Podocytes + Bowman's capsule
c) PCT + DCT
d) Loop of Henle + vasa recta
✓ a) Macula densa + JG cells
Explanation: Regulates renin release (NEET 2023 Q).
Q7. Z-scheme occurs in:
a) Grana
b) Stroma
c) Cristae
d) Cytoplasm
✓ a) Grana
Explanation: Non-cyclic photophosphorylation in thylakoids (NEET 2024 trend).
Q8. Apical dominance is controlled by:
a) IAA
b) GA
c) ABA
d) Ethylene
✓ a) IAA (Auxin)
Explanation: Suppresses lateral bud growth (NEET 2023 Q).
Q9. Keystone species in mangroves is typically a:
a) Bird
b) Crab
c) Fish
d) Alga
✓ b) Crab
Explanation: Maintains sediment balance (NEET 2024 expected).
Q10. "10% law" was given by:
a) Lindeman
b) Odum
c) Darwin
d) Haeckel
✓ a) Lindeman
Explanation: Energy transfer between trophic levels (NEET 2023 Q).
Q11. Blue-white screening uses:
a) LacZ gene
b) GFP gene
c) Antibiotic resistance
d) Fluorescent probes
✓ a) LacZ gene
Explanation: β-galactosidase reporter system (NEET 2024 trend).
Q12. Ti plasmid is used to transfer genes in:
a) Rice
b) Cotton
c) Mustard
d) Soybean
✓ b) Cotton
Explanation: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (NEET 2023 Q).
Q13. Genetic drift is most impactful in:
a) Large populations
b) Small populations
c) Migratory species
d) Asexual organisms
✓ b) Small populations
Explanation: Random allele fluctuations (NEET 2024 expected).
Q14. "Lucy" is a fossil of:
a) Homo habilis
b) Australopithecus
c) Neanderthal
d) Ramapithecus
✓ b) Australopithecus afarensis
Explanation: 3.2 million-year-old hominid (NEET 2023 Q).
Q15. CAR-T therapy modifies:
a) B cells
b) T cells
c) Macrophages
d) NK cells
✓ b) T cells
Explanation: Chimeric antigen receptor therapy for cancer (NEET 2024 trend).
Q16. Prion diseases affect the:
a) Liver
b) Brain
c) Lungs
d) Kidneys
✓ b) Brain
Explanation: Misfolded proteins cause neurodegeneration (NEET 2023 Q).
Q17. mRNA vaccines work by.
a) Delivering viral DNA
b) Providing spike protein instructions
c) Killing infected cells
d) Blocking receptors
✓ b) Providing spike protein instructions
Explanation: COVID-19 vaccines like Pfizer/Moderna (NEET 2024 expected).
Q18. CRISPR's "PAM sequence" is required for:
a) Target recognition
b) Cas9 activation
c) Guide RNA binding
d) DNA repair
✓ a) Target recognition
Explanation: Protospacer Adjacent Motif (5'-NGG-3') (NEET 2023 Q).
Q19. 'Powerhouse of the cell' contains:
a) Cristae
b) Thylakoids
c) Nucleoid
d) Centrioles
✓ a) Cristae
Explanation: Mitochondrial inner membrane folds increase surface area for ATP synthesis (NEET 2024 trend).
Q20. Lysosomes are formed by:
a) Golgi apparatus
b) RER
c) SER
d) Nucleus
✓ a) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Golgi packages hydrolytic enzymes into lysosomes (NEET 2023 Q).
Q21. Golden Rice is enriched with:
a) Vitamin A
b) Iron
c) Protein
d) Zinc
✓ a) Vitamin A (β-carotene)
Explanation: Biofortified crop to prevent blindness (NEET 2025 expected).
Q22. Electroporation is used for:
a) DNA sequencing
b) Gene transfer
c) Protein purification
d) Cell counting
✓ b) Gene transfer
Explanation: Electric pulses create temporary pores in cell membranes (NEET 2024 Q).
Q23. The 'Hottest Biodiversity Hotspot' in India is:
a) Western Ghats
b) Himalayas
c) Sundarbans
d) Nicobar Islands
✓ a) Western Ghats
Explanation: Houses 325 globally threatened species (NEET 2025 focus).
Q24. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures:
a) Water purity
b) Soil fertility
c) Air quality
d) Radiation levels
✓ a) Water purity
Explanation: Higher BOD indicates more organic pollutants (NEET 2023 Q).
Q25. The acrosome reaction occurs during:
a) Spermatogenesis
b) Fertilization
c) Implantation
d) Cleavage
✓ b) Fertilization
Explanation: Release of hyaluronidase to penetrate zona pellucida (NEET 2024 expected).
Q26. hCG is secreted by:
a) Corpus luteum
b) Placenta
c) Pituitary
d) Ovary
✓ b) Placenta
Explanation: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin maintains pregnancy (NEET 2023 Q).
Q27. Prothallus is found in:
a) Bryophytes
b) Pteridophytes
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms
✓ b) Pteridophytes
Explanation: Free-living gametophyte stage (NEET 2025 focus).
Q28. Double fertilization involves:
a) Two sperm + one egg
b) One sperm + two polar nuclei
c) Two eggs + one sperm
d) One sperm + one egg + one synergid
✓ b) One sperm + two polar nuclei
Explanation: Forms triploid endosperm (NEET 2024 Q).
Q29. Closed circulatory system is absent in:
a) Earthworm
b) Cockroach
c) Frog
d) Human
✓ b) Cockroach
Explanation: Arthropods have open circulation (NEET 2023 Q).
Q30. Malpighian tubules are excretory organs in:
a) Flatworms
b) Earthworms
c) Insects
d) Starfish
✓ c) Insects
Explanation: Remove nitrogenous wastes in arthropods (NEET 2025 expected).
Q31. Toddy is fermented by:
a) Lactobacillus
b) Saccharomyces
c) Clostridium
d) Rhizobium
✓ b) Saccharomyces
Explanation: Yeast ferments palm sap (NEET 2024 trend).
Q32. Methanogens are found in:
a) Rumen
b) Human intestine
c) Both a & b
d) Hot springs
✓ c) Both a & b
Explanation: Produce methane in anaerobic environments (NEET 2023 Q).
Q33. Enzymes from thermophiles remain stable due to:
a) More α-helices
b) Disulfide bridges
c) Glycosylation
d) Phosphorylation
✓ b) Disulfide bridges
Explanation: Covalent bonds increase heat resistance (NEET 2025 focus).
Q34. Sphingolipids contain:
a) Glycerol
b) Sphingosine
c) Both
d) Neither
✓ b) Sphingosine
Explanation: Ceramide backbone instead of glycerol (NEET 2024 Q).
Q35. The 'Havana Syndrome' is linked to:
a) Prion proteins
b) Directed microwave radiation
c) CRISPR malfunction
d) Mitochondrial DNA mutations
✓ b) Directed microwave radiation
Explanation: Recent research suggests pulsed RF energy affects nervous system (NEET 2025 focus area).
Q36. Organoids are:
a) Artificial organs
b) 3D cell cultures mimicking organs
c) Stem cell clusters
d) Genetically modified tissues
✓ b) 3D cell cultures mimicking organs
Explanation: Used in disease modeling and drug testing (NEET 2024 new pattern).
Q37. The T-wave represents:
a) Atrial depolarization
b) Ventricular repolarization
c) SA node firing
d) Purkinje fiber activation
✓ b) Ventricular repolarization
Explanation: Key concept in cardiac cycle (NEET 2023 repeated).
Q38. A patient with uncoordinated movements likely has damage to:
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla
d) Hypothalamus
✓ b) Cerebellum
Explanation: Controls voluntary movement coordination (Clinical NEET trend).
Q39. Yellowing of older leaves indicates deficiency of:
a) Nitrogen
b) Magnesium
c) Both
d) Potassium
✓ c) Both
Explanation: Chlorosis due to mobile element deficiency (NEET 2025 expected).
Q40. If a DNA sample has 20% adenine, the guanine content is:
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 40%
d) 60%
✓ b) 30%
Explanation: Chargaff's rules (A=T=20%; G+C=60% → G=30%).
Q41. In a food chain with 10,000 kcal at producer level, tertiary consumers get:
a) 10 kcal
b) 100 kcal
c) 1000 kcal
d) 1 kcal
✓ a) 10 kcal
Explanation: 10% law at each trophic level (10,000→1,000→100→10).
Q42. 'Dark Genome' refers to:
a) Non-coding DNA
b) Viral DNA inserts
c) Silent mutations
d) Mitochondrial DNA
✓ a) Non-coding DNA
Explanation: 98% human genome with regulatory functions (Recent research focus).
Q43. Prime editing is an advanced form of:
a) PCR
b) Gene therapy
c) DNA sequencing
d) CRISPR
✓ d) CRISPR
Explanation: Allows precise base editing without double-strand breaks (NEET 2025 hot topic).
Q44. 'Google for Proteins' database is called:
a) GenBank
b) AlphaFold
c) PDB
d) BLAST
✓ b) AlphaFold
Explanation: AI system predicting 3D protein structures (2024 Nobel Prize-worthy breakthrough).
Q45. Senolytic drugs target:
a) Cancer cells
b) Senescent cells
c) Stem cells
d) Neurons
✓ b) Senescent cells
Explanation: Emerging anti-aging therapy (NEET 2025 hot topic).
Q46. A 'butterfly rash' is characteristic of:
a) Rheumatoid arthritis
b) Lupus erythematosus
c) Psoriasis
d) Scleroderma
✓ b) Lupus erythematosus
Explanation: Malar rash in autoimmune disease (NEET clinical trend).
Q47. Philadelphia chromosome causes:
a) CML
b) Sickle-cell anemia
c) Down syndrome
d) Turner syndrome
✓ a) CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)
Explanation: t(9;22) translocation (Oncology focus for NEET 2025).
Q48. Site of renin secretion is labeled:
a) A (Glomerulus)
b) B (Macula densa)
c) C (JG cells)
d) D (PCT)
✓ c) C (Juxtaglomerular cells)
Explanation: Key concept in RAAS pathway.
Q49. If a DNA sample shows 30% cytosine, the adenine content is:
a) 15%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
✓ b) 20%
Explanation: Chargaff's rules (C=G=30%; A+T=40% → A=20%).
Q50. In a population with 16% recessive trait (q²), the carrier frequency is:
a) 24%
b) 36%
c) 48%
d) 64%
✓ c) 48%
Explanation: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (q=0.4; p=0.6; 2pq=0.48).
0 Comments