1. Funaria belongs to which group of plants?
A) Pteridophytes
B) Bryophytes
C) Gymnosperms
D) Angiosperms
Answer: B) Bryophytes
Explanation: Funaria is a moss and belongs to the group Bryophyta, which are non-vascular plants.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Riccia?
A) Presence of true roots
B) Presence of vascular tissues
C) Thalloid body structure
D) Dominant sporophyte generation
Answer: C) Thalloid body structure
Explanation: Riccia is a liverwort with a flattened, thalloid body structure. It lacks true roots, stems, and leaves.
3. In Funaria, the sporophyte is attached to the gametophyte by a structure called:
A) Rhizoid
B) Seta
C) Foot
D) Capsule
Answer: C) Foot
Explanation: The sporophyte in Funaria is attached to the gametophyte by a structure called the foot, which absorbs nutrients from the gametophyte.
4. Which of the following is true about the life cycle of Riccia?
A) Sporophyte is dominant
B) Gametophyte is dominant
C) Both generations are equally dominant
D) It reproduces only asexually
Answer: B) Gametophyte is dominant
Explanation: In Riccia, the gametophyte is the dominant phase of the life cycle, while the sporophyte is short-lived and dependent on the gametophyte.
5. The reproductive structure in Funaria is called:
A) Sporangium
B) Capsule
C) Archegoniophore
D) Antheridiophore
Answer: B) Capsule
Explanation: The sporophyte of Funaria bears a capsule at its tip, which contains spores for reproduction.
6. Riccia reproduces asexually by:
A) Zoospores
B) Gemmae
C) Conidia
D) Buds
Answer: B) Gemmae
Explanation: Riccia reproduces asexually by gemmae, which are multicellular structures formed in gemma cups.
7. Which of the following is absent in Funaria?
A) Rhizoids
B) Leaves
C) Vascular tissues
D) Chlorophyll
Answer: C) Vascular tissues
Explanation: Funaria, like all bryophytes, lacks vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).
8. The male reproductive organ in Funaria is called:
A) Archegonium
B) Antheridium
C) Sporangium
D) Capsule
Answer: B) Antheridium
Explanation: The male reproductive organ in Funaria is the antheridium, which produces male gametes (antherozoids).
9. In Riccia, the sporophyte is composed of:
A) Foot, seta, and capsule
B) Foot and capsule only
C) Seta and capsule only
D) Capsule only
Answer: B) Foot and capsule only
Explanation: The sporophyte of Riccia is simple and consists of only a foot and a capsule. It lacks a seta.
10. Which of the following is a common feature of both Funaria and Riccia?
A) Presence of true roots
B) Dominant sporophyte generation
C) Dependence on water for fertilization
D) Presence of vascular tissues
Answer: C) Dependence on water for fertilization
Explanation: Both Funaria and Riccia require water for the movement of male gametes (antherozoids) to reach the female gametes (egg) for fertilization.
11. The spore dispersal mechanism in Funaria involves:
A) Wind
B) Water
C) Insects
D) Animals
Answer: A) Wind
Explanation: In Funaria, spores are dispersed by wind due to the explosive mechanism of the capsule.
12. Which of the following is NOT a bryophyte?
A) Funaria
B) Riccia
C) Marchantia
D) Selaginella
Answer: D) Selaginella
Explanation: Selaginella is a pteridophyte, while Funaria, Riccia, and Marchantia are bryophytes.
13. The rhizoids in Funaria are:
A) Unicellular and branched
B) Multicellular and branched
C) Unicellular and unbranched
D) Multicellular and unbranched
Answer: B) Multicellular and branched
Explanation: The rhizoids in Funaria are multicellular and branched, helping in anchorage and absorption.
14. Riccia is commonly found in:
A) Dry deserts
B) Aquatic habitats
C) Moist and shady places
D) Alpine regions
Answer: C) Moist and shady places
Explanation: Riccia is a liverwort commonly found in moist and shady environments, as it requires water for reproduction.
15. The capsule in Funaria contains:
A) Spores
B) Seeds
C) Pollen grains
D) Ovules
Answer: A) Spores
16. The leafy stage in Funaria represents:
A) Sporophyte
B) Gametophyte
C) Protonema
D) Rhizoid
Answer: B) Gametophyte
Explanation: The leafy stage in Funaria is the gametophyte, which is the dominant phase in its life cycle.
17. In Riccia, the thallus is:
A) Dorsiventral
B) Radial
C) Cylindrical
D) Spherical
Answer: A) Dorsiventral
Explanation: The thallus of Riccia is dorsiventral, meaning it has distinct upper (dorsal) and lower (ventral) surfaces.
18. The protonema stage in Funaria is formed from:
A) Spores
B) Zygote
C) Gemmae
D) Rhizoids
Answer: A) Spores
Explanation: The protonema is a filamentous structure formed from the germination of spores in Funaria.
19. Riccia is a:
A) Moss
B) Liverwort
C) Fern
D) Algae
Answer: B) Liverwort
Explanation: Riccia belongs to the group Hepaticopsida (liverworts).
20. The sporophyte of Funaria is:
A) Independent and photosynthetic
B) Dependent on gametophyte
C) Dominant phase
D) Multicellular and branched
Answer: B) Dependent on gametophyte
Explanation: The sporophyte of Funaria is attached to and dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition.
21. The capsule in Funaria is covered by a cap-like structure called:
A) Operculum
B) Calyptra
C) Seta
D) Foot
Answer: B) Calyptra
Explanation: The capsule in Funaria is covered by a calyptra, which is a remnant of the archegonium.
22. Riccia reproduces sexually by:
A) Zoospores
B) Antherozoids and eggs
C) Conidia
D) Buds
Answer: B) Antherozoids and eggs
Explanation: Riccia reproduces sexually by the fusion of antherozoids (male gametes) and eggs (female gametes).
23. The antheridia and archegonia in Funaria are borne on:
A) Same plant
B) Different plants
C) Sporophyte
D) Protonema
Answer: A) Same plant
Explanation: Funaria is monoecious, meaning both antheridia and archegonia are borne on the same plant.
24. The spores of Funaria are:
A) Diploid
B) Haploid
C) Triploid
D) Polyploid
Answer: B) Haploid
Explanation: The spores of Funaria are haploid and are produced by meiosis in the capsule.
25. The gemma cups in Riccia are located on:
A) Dorsal surface of the thallus
B) Ventral surface of the thallus
C) Rhizoids
D) Capsule
Answer: A) Dorsal surface of the thallus
Explanation: Gemma cups in Riccia are present on the dorsal surface of the thallus and contain gemmae for asexual reproduction.
26. The seta in Funaria is responsible for:
A) Anchoring the plant
B) Elevating the capsule
C) Absorbing nutrients
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: B) Elevating the capsule
Explanation: The seta elevates the capsule above the gametophyte for better spore dispersal.
27. Riccia is commonly used in the study of:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Alternation of generations
C) Vascular tissues
D) Seed formation
Answer: B) Alternation of generations
Explanation: Riccia is often used to study alternation of generations due to its distinct gametophyte and sporophyte phases.
28. The sporophyte of Riccia is:
A) Long-lived and photosynthetic
B) Short-lived and dependent
C) Independent and branched
D) Multicellular and motile
Answer: B) Short-lived and dependent
Explanation: The sporophyte of Riccia is short-lived and completely dependent on the gametophyte.
29. The archegonia in Funaria are flask-shaped structures that produce:
A) Antherozoids
B) Eggs
C) Spores
D) Gemmae
Answer: B) Eggs
Explanation: Archegonia are female reproductive structures that produce eggs.
30. The spores of Riccia are produced by:
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Answer: B) Meiosis
Explanation: Spores in Riccia are produced by meiosis in the capsule.
31. The rhizoids in Riccia are:
A) Multicellular and branched
B) Unicellular and unbranched
C) Multicellular and unbranched
D) Unicellular and branched
Answer: B) Unicellular and unbranched
Explanation: The rhizoids in Riccia are unicellular and unbranched.
32. The sporophyte of Funaria is attached to the gametophyte by:
A) Rhizoids
B) Seta
C) Foot
D) Capsule
Answer: C) Foot
Explanation: The sporophyte of Funaria is attached to the gametophyte by the foot.
33. The antheridia in Funaria produce:
A) Eggs
B) Antherozoids
C) Spores
D) Gemmae
Answer: B) Antherozoids
Explanation: Antheridia are male reproductive structures that produce antherozoids (male gametes).
34. The spores of Funaria are dispersed by:
A) Water
B) Wind
C) Insects
D) Animals
Answer: B) Wind
Explanation: The spores of Funaria are dispersed by wind due to the explosive mechanism of the capsule.
35. The gametophyte of Riccia is:
A) Diploid
B) Haploid
C) Triploid
D) Polyploid
Answer: B) Haploid
Explanation: The gametophyte of Riccia is haploid.
36. The sporophyte of Riccia lacks:
A) Foot
B) Capsule
C) Seta
D) Spores
Answer: C) Seta
Explanation: The sporophyte of Riccia lacks a seta and consists only of a foot and capsule.
37. The protonema in Funaria develops into:
A) Sporophyte
B) Gametophyte
C) Rhizoids
D) Capsule
Answer: B) Gametophyte
Explanation: The protonema develops into the leafy gametophyte in Funaria.
38. The gemmae in Riccia are:
A) Diploid
B) Haploid
C) Triploid
D) Polyploid
Answer: B) Haploid
Explanation: The gemmae in Riccia are haploid and give rise to new gametophytes.
39. The sporophyte of Funaria is:
A) Diploid
B) Haploid
C) Triploid
D) Polyploid
Answer: A) Diploid
Explanation: The sporophyte of Funaria is diploid and develops from the zygote.
40. The antheridia and archegonia in Riccia are borne on:
A) Same thallus
B) Different thalli
C) Sporophyte
D) Protonema
Answer: A) Same thallus
Explanation: Riccia is monoecious, meaning both antheridia and archegonia are borne on the same thallus.
41. The capsule in Funaria contains:
A) Elaters
B) Spores
C) Gemmae
D) Antherozoids
Answer: B) Spores
Explanation: The capsule in Funaria contains spores for reproduction.
42. The sporophyte of Riccia is embedded in the:
A) Thallus
B) Rhizoids
C) Capsule
D) Seta
Answer: A) Thallus
Explanation: The sporophyte of Riccia is embedded in the thallus of the gametophyte.
43. The spores of Riccia are:
A) Diploid
B) Haploid
C) Triploid
D) Polyploid
Answer: B) Haploid
Explanation: The spores of Riccia are haploid and are produced by meiosis.
44. The gametophyte of Funaria is:
A) Diploid
B) Haploid
C) Triploid
D) Polyploid
Answer: B) Haploid
Explanation: The gametophyte of Funaria is haploid.
45. The sporophyte of Funaria is:
A) Photosynthetic
B) Non-photosynthetic
C) Independent
D) Branched
Answer: B) Non-photosynthetic
Explanation: The sporophyte of Funaria is non-photosynthetic and depends on the gametophyte for nutrition.
46. The spores of Funaria germinate to form:
A) Gametophyte
B) Protonema
C) Sporophyte
D) Rhizoids
Answer: B) Protonema
Explanation: The spores of Funaria germinate to form a protonema, which later develops into the gametophyte.
47. The sporophyte of Riccia is:
A) Long-lived
B) Short-lived
C) Photosynthetic
D) Independent
Answer: B) Short-lived
Explanation: The sporophyte of Riccia is short-lived and dependent on the gametophyte.
48. The gametophyte of Riccia is:
A) Photosynthetic
B) Non-photosynthetic
C) Dependent on sporophyte
D) Branched
Answer: A) Photosynthetic
Explanation: The gametophyte of Riccia is photosynthetic and independent.
49. The sporophyte of Funaria is attached to the gametophyte by:
A) Rhizoids
B) Seta
C) Foot
D) Capsule
Answer: C) Foot
Explanation: The sporophyte of Funaria is attached to the gametophyte by the foot.
50. The spores of Riccia are dispersed by:
A) Water
B) Wind
C) Insects
D) Animals
Answer: A) Water
Explanation: The spores of Riccia are dispersed by water.
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