Question 1: What is biotechnology?
a) The use of living organisms to make products
b) The study of chemicals in living organisms
c) The study of ecosystems
d) The use of machines to study biology
Answer: a) The use of living organisms to make products
Question 2: Which of these is a tool used in genetic engineering?
a) Plasmid
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: a) Plasmid
Question 3: What is the term for introducing foreign DNA into a host cell?
a) Transformation
b) Transduction
c) Conjugation
d) Replication
Answer: a) Transformation
Question 4: Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sequences?
a) Ligase
b) Polymerase
c) Restriction enzyme
d) Helicase
Answer: c) Restriction enzyme
Question 5: What is the function of DNA ligase?
a) Cut DNA
b) Join DNA fragments
c) Copy DNA
d) Unwind DNA
Answer: b) Join DNA fragments
Question 6: What is a vector in genetic engineering?
a) A tool used to cut DNA
b) A carrier used to transfer DNA into a host cell
c) A type of enzyme
d) A type of protein
Answer: b) A carrier used to transfer DNA into a host cell
Question 7: Which of these is commonly used as a vector?
a) Plasmid
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: a) Plasmid
Question 8: What is the term for the production of genetically identical organisms?
a) Cloning
b) Hybridization
c) Mutation
d) Transformation
Answer: a) Cloning
Question 9: What is the first step in genetic engineering?
a) Isolation of DNA
b) Cutting DNA
c) Inserting DNA into a vector
d) Introducing DNA into a host
Answer: a) Isolation of DNA
Question 10: What is the term for the study of genomes?
a) Genetics
b) Genomics
c) Biotechnology
d) Bioinformatics
Answer: b) Genomics
Question 11: What is PCR used for?
a) Cutting DNA
b) Amplifying DNA
c) Joining DNA
d) Sequencing DNA
Answer: b) Amplifying DNA
Question 12: Which enzyme is used in PCR?
a) DNA ligase
b) DNA polymerase
c) Restriction enzyme
d) RNA polymerase
Answer: b) DNA polymerase
Question 13: What is the first step in PCR?
a) Denaturation
b) Annealing
c) Extension
d) Isolation
Answer: a) Denaturation
Question 14: What is the purpose of primers in PCR?
a) To cut DNA
b) To join DNA
c) To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis
d) To unwind DNA
Answer: c) To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis
Question 15: What is the temperature used for denaturation in PCR?
a) 50°C
b) 72°C
c) 95°C
d) 37°C
Answer: c) 95°C
Question 16: Which of these is an application of biotechnology in medicine?
a) Production of antibiotics
b) Production of biofuels
c) Production of fertilizers
d) Production of plastics
Answer: a) Production of antibiotics
Question 17: What is the term for using living organisms to clean up pollutants?
a) Bioremediation
b) Bioaccumulation
c) Biomagnification
d) Biodegradation
Answer: a) Bioremediation
Question 18: Which of these is a genetically modified crop?
a) Bt cotton
b) Organic wheat
c) Hybrid rice
d) Natural maize
Answer: a) Bt cotton
Question 19: What is the purpose of golden rice?
a) To increase yield
b) To provide vitamin A
c) To resist pests
d) To grow in drought conditions
Answer: b) To provide vitamin A
Question 20: Which of these is an example of a biopharmaceutical?
a) Insulin
b) Aspirin
c) Paracetamol
d) Penicillin
Answer: a) Insulin
Question 21: What is the term for producing genetically identical organisms?
a) Cloning
b) Hybridization
c) Mutation
d) Transformation
Answer: a) Cloning
Question 22: Which animal was the first to be cloned?
a) Mouse
b) Sheep (Dolly)
c) Cow
d) Dog
Answer: b) Sheep (Dolly)
Question 23: What are stem cells?
a) Cells that can differentiate into other cell types
b) Cells that produce energy
c) Cells that fight infections
d) Cells that carry oxygen
Answer: a) Cells that can differentiate into other cell types
Question 24: Which of these is a source of stem cells?
a) Bone marrow
b) Skin
c) Liver
d) Kidney
Answer: a) Bone marrow
Question 25: What is the term for stem cells that can become any cell type?
a) Totipotent
b) Pluripotent
c) Multipotent
d) Unipotent
Answer: a) Totipotent
Question 26: What is bioinformatics?
a) The study of biological data using computers
b) The study of ecosystems
c) The study of chemicals in living organisms
d) The study of genetics
Answer: a) The study of biological data using computers
Question 27: Which of these is a database used in bioinformatics?
a) GenBank
b) PubMed
c) Google Scholar
d) Wikipedia
Answer: a) GenBank
Question 28: What is the purpose of BLAST in bioinformatics?
a) To compare DNA sequences
b) To cut DNA
c) To join DNA
d) To amplify DNA
Answer: a) To compare DNA sequences
Question 29: What is the term for predicting the 3D structure of a protein?
a) Protein folding
b) Protein sequencing
c) Protein synthesis
d) Protein degradation
Answer: a) Protein folding
Question 30: Which of these is a tool used in bioinformatics?
a) BLAST
b) PCR
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Centrifugation
Answer: a) BLAST
Question 31: What is gene therapy?
a) The use of genes to treat diseases
b) The study of genes
c) The cloning of genes
d) The sequencing of genes
Answer: a) The use of genes to treat diseases
Question 32: Which of these is a target for gene therapy?
a) Cancer
b) Diabetes
c) Hypertension
d) Asthma
Answer: a) Cancer
Question 33: What is the term for introducing a healthy gene to replace a defective one?
a) Gene addition
b) Gene silencing
c) Gene editing
d) Gene replacement
Answer: d) Gene replacement
Question 34: Which virus is commonly used as a vector in gene therapy?
a) Adenovirus
b) Influenza virus
c) HIV
d) Herpes virus
Answer: a) Adenovirus
Question 35: What is the main challenge of gene therapy?
a) High cost
b) Ethical concerns
c) Immune response
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Question 36: What is CRISPR-Cas9 used for?
a) Cutting DNA
b) Joining DNA
c) Amplifying DNA
d) Sequencing DNA
Answer: a) Cutting DNA
Question 37: What does CRISPR stand for?
a) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
b) Cutting RNA for Insertion and Sequencing
c) Copying Repeated Sequences in DNA
d) Creating Recombinant DNA Sequences
Answer: a) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Question 38: What is the role of Cas9 in CRISPR?
a) To cut DNA
b) To join DNA
c) To amplify DNA
d) To sequence DNA
Answer: a) To cut DNA
Question 39: Which of these is an application of CRISPR?
a) Gene editing
b) DNA sequencing
c) Protein synthesis
d) RNA interference
Answer: a) Gene editing
Question 40: What is the term for the RNA molecule that guides Cas9 to the target DNA?
a) Guide RNA
b) Messenger RNA
c) Transfer RNA
d) Ribosomal RNA
Answer: a) Guide RNA
Question 41: Which of these is an example of industrial biotechnology?
a) Production of antibiotics
b) Production of biofuels
c) Production of fertilizers
d) Production of plastics
Answer: b) Production of biofuels
Question 42: What is the term for using microorganisms to produce chemicals?
a) Fermentation
b) Distillation
c) Polymerization
d) Crystallization
Answer: a) Fermentation
Question 43: Which microorganism is used to produce insulin?
a) Escherichia coli
b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
c) Lactobacillus
d) Streptococcus
Answer: a) Escherichia coli
Question 44: What is the term for the production of alcohol using yeast?
a) Fermentation
b) Distillation
c) Polymerization
d) Crystallization
Answer: a) Fermentation
Question 45: Which of these is a product of industrial biotechnology?
a) Ethanol
b) Aspirin
c) Paracetamol
d) Penicillin
Answer: a) Ethanol
Question 46: What is the term for crops that have been genetically modified?
a) GMO crops
b) Organic crops
c) Hybrid crops
d) Natural crops
Answer: a) GMO crops
Question 47: Which of these is a genetically modified crop?
a) Bt cotton
b) Organic wheat
c) Hybrid rice
d) Natural maize
Answer: a) Bt cotton
Question 48: What is the purpose of Bt cotton?
a) To resist pests
b) To increase yield
c) To grow in drought conditions
d) To provide nutrients
Answer: a) To resist pests
Question 49: Which of these is a benefit of genetically modified crops?
a) Increased yield
b) Reduced pesticide use
c) Improved nutrition
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Question 50: What is the term for the transfer of genes into plants?
a) Genetic engineering
b) Hybridization
c) Mutation breeding
d) Crossbreeding
Answer: a) Genetic engineering
Question 51: What is the main ethical concern of genetic engineering?
a) Safety
b) Cost
c) Environmental impact
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Question 52: What is the term for the unintended effects of genetic engineering?
a) Off-target effects
b) Side effects
c) Mutations
d) Recombination
Answer: a) Off-target effects
Question 53: Which of these is a concern of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
a) Impact on biodiversity
b) Risk of allergies
c) Ethical concerns
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Question 54: What is the term for the ownership of genetically modified organisms?
a) Patents
b) Copyrights
c) Trademarks
d) Licenses
Answer: a) Patents
Question 55: Which of these is a social issue related to biotechnology?
a) Access to technology
b) Cost of treatment
c) Ethical concerns
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Question 56: What is the term for using living organisms to clean up pollutants?
a) Bioremediation
b) Bioaccumulation
c) Biomagnification
d) Biodegradation
Answer: a) Bioremediation
Question 57: Which of these is an example of bioremediation?
a) Using bacteria to clean oil spills
b) Using plants to absorb heavy metals
c) Using fungi to degrade plastics
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Question 58: What is the term for the accumulation of pollutants in living organisms?
a) Bioaccumulation
b) Biomagnification
c) Biodegradation
d) Bioremediation
Answer: a) Bioaccumulation
Question 59: Which of these is a benefit of environmental biotechnology?
a) Reduced pollution
b) Sustainable practices
c) Conservation of resources
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Question 60: What is the term for using plants to clean up pollutants?
a) Phytoremediation
b) Bioremediation
c) Bioaccumulation
d) Biomagnification
Answer: a) Phytoremediation
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