Question 1: What is a virus?
a) A living organism
b) A non-living infectious agent
c) A type of bacteria
d) A fungus
Answer: b) A non-living infectious agent
Question 2: What is the genetic material of a virus?
a) Only DNA
b) Only RNA
c) Either DNA or RNA
d) Proteins
Answer: c) Either DNA or RNA
Question 3: Which of the following is NOT a component of a virus?
a) Capsid
b) Envelope
c) Ribosomes
d) Nucleic acid
Answer: c) Ribosomes
Question 4: What is the protein coat of a virus called?
a) Capsid
b) Envelope
c) Nucleocapsid
d) Plasmid
Answer: a) Capsid
Question 5: Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses?
a) They can reproduce independently
b) They lack cellular structure
c) They have their own metabolism
d) They are visible under a light microscope
Answer: b) They lack cellular structure
Question 6: What is the size range of most viruses?
a) 1–10 nm
b) 20–300 nm
c) 500–1000 nm
d) 1–10 µm
Answer: b) 20–300 nm
Question 7: Which microscope is used to visualize viruses?
a) Light microscope
b) Electron microscope
c) Fluorescence microscope
d) Phase-contrast microscope
Answer: b) Electron microscope
Question 8: What is a bacteriophage?
a) A virus that infects bacteria
b) A virus that infects plants
c) A virus that infects animals
d) A virus that infects fungi
Answer: a) A virus that infects bacteria
Question 9: Which of the following is a DNA virus?
a) Influenza virus
b) HIV
c) Herpes simplex virus
d) SARS-CoV-2
Answer: c) Herpes simplex virus
Question 10: Which of the following is an RNA virus?
a) Adenovirus
b) Hepatitis B virus
c) Poliovirus
d) Smallpox virus
Answer: c) Poliovirus
Question 11: What is the first step in viral replication?
a) Assembly
b) Penetration
c) Attachment
d) Release
Answer: c) Attachment
Question 12: Which enzyme do retroviruses use to convert RNA into DNA?
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Reverse transcriptase
d) Ligase
Answer: c) Reverse transcriptase
Question 13: What is the lytic cycle?
a) A cycle where the virus remains dormant
b) A cycle where the virus kills the host cell
c) A cycle where the virus integrates into the host genome
d) A cycle where the virus replicates without harming the host
Answer: b) A cycle where the virus kills the host cell
Question 14: What is the lysogenic cycle?
a) A cycle where the virus remains dormant in the host genome
b) A cycle where the virus kills the host cell immediately
c) A cycle where the virus replicates outside the host cell
d) A cycle where the virus uses the host ribosomes
Answer: a) A cycle where the virus remains dormant in the host genome
Question 15: Which virus is known to cause latency in humans?
a) Influenza virus
b) Herpes simplex virus
c) Hepatitis A virus
d) Rabies virus
Answer: b) Herpes simplex virus
Question 16: What is a provirus?
a) A virus that infects plants
b) A virus that integrates into the host genome
c) A virus that causes immediate lysis
d) A virus that infects bacteria
Answer: b) A virus that integrates into the host genome
Question 17: Which of the following is NOT a stage of viral replication?
a) Attachment
b) Penetration
c) Transcription
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: d) Photosynthesis
Question 18: What is the role of viral capsid proteins?
a) To protect the viral genome
b) To synthesize viral RNA
c) To infect host cells
d) To replicate the viral genome
Answer: a) To protect the viral genome
Question 19: Which virus uses the host cell’s ribosomes for protein synthesis?
a) All viruses
b) DNA viruses
c) RNA viruses
d) Retroviruses
Answer: a) All viruses
Question 20: What is the function of viral envelope proteins?
a) To protect the viral genome
b) To facilitate attachment to host cells
c) To replicate the viral genome
d) To synthesize viral proteins
Answer: b) To facilitate attachment to host cells
Question 21: Which virus causes AIDS?
a) HIV
b) HPV
c) HSV
d) HBV
Answer: a) HIV
Question 22: Which virus causes the common cold?
a) Rhinovirus
b) Influenza virus
c) Coronavirus
d) Adenovirus
Answer: a) Rhinovirus
Question 23: Which virus causes COVID-19?
a) SARS-CoV-2
b) MERS-CoV
c) Influenza A virus
d) Ebola virus
Answer: a) SARS-CoV-2
Question 24: Which virus causes chickenpox?
a) Varicella-zoster virus
b) Herpes simplex virus
c) Epstein-Barr virus
d) Cytomegalovirus
Answer: a) Varicella-zoster virus
Question 25: Which virus causes rabies?
a) Rabies virus
b) Ebola virus
c) Zika virus
d) Dengue virus
Answer: a) Rabies virus
Question 26: Which virus causes hepatitis B?
a) HBV
b) HCV
c) HIV
d) HPV
Answer: a) HBV
Question 27: Which virus causes smallpox?
a) Variola virus
b) Vaccinia virus
c) Herpes simplex virus
d) Varicella-zoster virus
Answer: a) Variola virus
Question 28: Which virus causes influenza?
a) Influenza virus
b) Rhinovirus
c) Coronavirus
d) Adenovirus
Answer: a) Influenza virus
Question 29: Which virus causes dengue fever?
a) Dengue virus
b) Zika virus
c) Chikungunya virus
d) Yellow fever virus
Answer: a) Dengue virus
Question 30: Which virus causes Ebola virus disease?
a) Ebola virus
b) Marburg virus
c) Lassa virus
d) Hantavirus
Answer: a) Ebola virus
Question 31: What are viroids?
a) Infectious proteins
b) Infectious RNA molecules
c) Infectious DNA molecules
d) Infectious bacteria
Answer: b) Infectious RNA molecules
Question 32: Which organism do viroids primarily infect?
a) Animals
b) Plants
c) Bacteria
d) Fungi
Answer: b) Plants
Question 33: Who discovered viroids?
a) Louis Pasteur
b) Robert Koch
c) Theodor Diener
d) Stanley Prusiner
Answer: c) Theodor Diener
Question 34: What is the genetic material of viroids?
a) Single-stranded DNA
b) Double-stranded DNA
c) Single-stranded RNA
d) Double-stranded RNA
Answer: c) Single-stranded RNA
Question 35: Which disease is caused by viroids in potatoes?
a) Potato spindle tuber disease
b) Potato blight
c) Potato mosaic disease
d) Potato wilt disease
Answer: a) Potato spindle tuber disease
Question 36: What is a prion?
a) An infectious protein
b) An infectious RNA molecule
c) An infectious DNA molecule
d) A type of virus
Answer: a) An infectious protein
Question 37: Which virus is used in gene therapy?
a) Adenovirus
b) HIV
c) Influenza virus
d) Rabies virus
Answer: a) Adenovirus
Question 38: What is the function of reverse transcriptase?
a) To convert RNA into DNA
b) To convert DNA into RNA
c) To replicate DNA
d) To synthesize proteins
Answer: a) To convert RNA into DNA
Question 39: Which virus is responsible for causing warts?
a) HPV
b) HSV
c) HIV
d) HBV
Answer: a) HPV
Question 40: What is the primary host of the Zika virus?
a) Humans
b) Mosquitoes
c) Birds
d) Bats
Answer: b) Mosquitoes
Question 41: What is the shape of the influenza virus?
a) Icosahedral
b) Helical
c) Spherical
d) Complex
Answer: c) Spherical
Question 42: Which virus has an icosahedral capsid?
a) Adenovirus
b) Rabies virus
c) Influenza virus
d) Ebola virus
Answer: a) Adenovirus
Question 41: What is the envelope of a virus made of?
a) Proteins only
b) Lipids and proteins
c) Carbohydrates only
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: b) Lipids and proteins
Question 42: Which virus lacks an envelope?
a) HIV
b) Influenza virus
c) Poliovirus
d) Herpes simplex virus
Answer: c) Poliovirus
Question 43: What is the Baltimore classification system based on?
a) Viral shape
b) Viral genome type
c) Viral host range
d) Viral size
Answer: b) Viral genome type
Question 44: Which of the following is a double-stranded DNA virus?
a) Herpes simplex virus
b) HIV
c) Influenza virus
d) Hepatitis C virus
Answer: a) Herpes simplex virus
Question 45: Which of the following is a single-stranded RNA virus?
a) Adenovirus
b) Poliovirus
c) Hepatitis B virus
d) Herpes simplex virus
Answer: b) Poliovirus
Question 46: What is the genome of a retrovirus?
a) Double-stranded DNA
b) Single-stranded RNA
c) Double-stranded RNA
d) Single-stranded DNA
Answer: b) Single-stranded RNA
Question 47: Which virus is classified as a retrovirus?
a) HIV
b) Influenza virus
c) Hepatitis B virus
d) Herpes simplex virus
Answer: a) HIV
Question 48: What is the primary function of viral glycoproteins?
a) To protect the viral genome
b) To facilitate attachment to host cells
c) To replicate the viral genome
d) To synthesize viral proteins
Answer: b) To facilitate attachment to host cells
Question 49: Which virus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route?
a) Hepatitis A virus
b) HIV
c) Influenza virus
d) Rabies virus
Answer: a) Hepatitis A virus
Question 50: Which virus is transmitted through mosquito bites?
a) Dengue virus
b) HIV
c) Influenza virus
d) Hepatitis B virus
Answer: a) Dengue virus
Question 51: Which virus is transmitted through sexual contact?
a) HIV
b) Influenza virus
c) Rabies virus
d) Hepatitis A virus
Answer: a) HIV
Question 52: Which virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets?
a) Influenza virus
b) HIV
c) Hepatitis B virus
d) Rabies virus
Answer: a) Influenza virus
Question 53: Which virus is transmitted through blood transfusion?
a) Hepatitis B virus
b) Influenza virus
c) Rabies virus
d) Herpes simplex virus
Answer: a) Hepatitis B virus
Question 55: Which virus is zoonotic?
a) Rabies virus
b) HIV
c) Hepatitis C virus
d) Herpes simplex virus
Answer: a) Rabies virus
Question 56: What is a pandemic?
a) A disease outbreak in a specific region
b) A disease outbreak across multiple countries or continents
c) A disease outbreak in animals
d) A disease outbreak in plants
Answer: b) A disease outbreak across multiple countries or continents
Question 57: Which virus caused the 1918 influenza pandemic?
a) H1N1 influenza virus
b) SARS-CoV-2
c) HIV
d) Ebola virus
Answer: a) H1N1 influenza virus
Question 58: What is the primary reservoir of the Ebola virus?
a) Bats
b) Mosquitoes
c) Birds
d) Rats
Answer: a) Bats
Question 59: What is the purpose of a viral vaccine?
a) To kill the virus
b) To stimulate the immune system to recognize the virus
c) To replicate the virus in the body
d) To treat viral infections
Answer: b) To stimulate the immune system to recognize the virus
Question 60: Which vaccine is used to prevent polio?
a) OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
b) MMR vaccine
c) BCG vaccine
d) Hepatitis B vaccine
Answer: a) OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
Question 61: Which antiviral drug is used to treat HIV?
a) Zidovudine (AZT)
b) Oseltamivir
c) Acyclovir
d) Ribavirin
Answer: a) Zidovudine (AZT)
Question 62: Which antiviral drug is used to treat influenza?
a) Oseltamivir
b) Acyclovir
c) Ribavirin
d) Zidovudine
Answer: a) Oseltamivir
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