Question 1: What are enzymes?
a) Biological catalysts
b) Types of carbohydrates
c) Types of lipids
d) Types of nucleic acids
Answer: a) Biological catalysts
Question 2: What is the primary function of enzymes?
a) To speed up chemical reactions
b) To store energy
c) To transport molecules
d) To provide structural support
Answer: a) To speed up chemical reactions
Question 3: What are enzymes made of?
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Lipids
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: a) Proteins
Question 4: What is the term for the molecule on which an enzyme acts?
a) Substrate
b) Product
c) Cofactor
d) Inhibitor
Answer: a) Substrate
Question 3: What is the active site of an enzyme?
a) The region where the substrate binds
b) The region where the product is released
c) The region where cofactors bind
d) The region where inhibitors bind
Answer: a) The region where the substrate binds
Question 4: What is the term for enzymes that break down proteins?
a) Proteases
b) Lipases
c) Amylases
d) Nucleases
Answer: a) Proteases
Question 5: What is the term for enzymes that break down lipids?
a) Proteases
b) Lipases
c) Amylases
d) Nucleases
Answer: b) Lipases
Question 6: What is the term for enzymes that break down carbohydrates?
a) Proteases
b) Lipases
c) Amylases
d) Nucleases
Answer: c) Amylases
Question 7: What is the term for enzymes that break down nucleic acids?
a) Proteases
b) Lipases
c) Amylases
d) Nucleases
Answer: d) Nucleases
Question 8: What is the term for enzymes that synthesize DNA?
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Ligase
d) Helicase
Answer: a) DNA polymerase
Question 9: What is the term for the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
a) Enzyme kinetics
b) Enzyme dynamics
c) Enzyme thermodynamics
d) Enzyme mechanics
Answer: a) Enzyme kinetics
Question 10: What is the term for the maximum rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
a) Vmax
b) Km
c) Kcat
d) Kd
Answer: a) Vmax
Question 11: What is the term for the substrate concentration at half Vmax?
a) Vmax
b) Km
c) Kcat
d) Kd
Answer: b) Km
Question 12: What is the term for the turnover number of an enzyme?
a) Vmax
b) Km
c) Kcat
d) Kd
Answer: c) Kcat
Question 13: What is the term for the binding affinity of an enzyme for its substrate?
a) Vmax
b) Km
c) Kcat
d) Kd
Answer: d) Kd
Question 14: What is the term for a molecule that reduces enzyme activity?
a) Inhibitor
b) Activator
c) Cofactor
d) Coenzyme
Answer: a) Inhibitor
Question 15: What is the term for inhibition where the inhibitor binds to the active site?
a) Competitive inhibition
b) Non-competitive inhibition
c) Uncompetitive inhibition
d) Mixed inhibition
Answer: a) Competitive inhibition
Question 16: What is the term for inhibition where the inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site?
a) Competitive inhibition
b) Non-competitive inhibition
c) Uncompetitive inhibition
d) Mixed inhibition
Answer: b) Non-competitive inhibition
Question 17: What is the term for inhibition where the inhibitor binds only to the enzyme-substrate complex?
a) Competitive inhibition
b) Non-competitive inhibition
c) Uncompetitive inhibition
d) Mixed inhibition
Answer: c) Uncompetitive inhibition
Question 18: What is the term for inhibition where the inhibitor binds to both the enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex?
a) Competitive inhibition
b) Non-competitive inhibition
c) Uncompetitive inhibition
d) Mixed inhibition
Answer: d) Mixed inhibition
Question 19: What is the term for the regulation of enzyme activity by binding of a molecule at a site other than the active site?
a) Allosteric regulation
b) Competitive inhibition
c) Non-competitive inhibition
d) Uncompetitive inhibition
Answer: a) Allosteric regulation
Question 20: What is the term for the inactive precursor of an enzyme?
a) Zymogen
b) Coenzyme
c) Cofactor
d) Inhibitor
Answer: a) Zymogen
Question 21: What is the term for the covalent modification of an enzyme to regulate its activity?
a) Phosphorylation
b) Glycosylation
c) Acetylation
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Question 22: What is the term for the regulation of enzyme activity by feedback inhibition?
a) End-product inhibition
b) Allosteric regulation
c) Competitive inhibition
d) Non-competitive inhibition
Answer: a) End-product inhibition
Question 23: What is the term for the regulation of enzyme activity by proteolytic cleavage?
a) Zymogen activation
b) Phosphorylation
c) Glycosylation
d) Acetylation
Answer: a) Zymogen activation
Question 24: What is the term for a non-protein molecule required for enzyme activity?
a) Cofactor
b) Coenzyme
c) Prosthetic group
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Question 25: What is the term for an organic cofactor?
a) Coenzyme
b) Prosthetic group
c) Metal ion
d) Inhibitor
Answer: a) Coenzyme
Question 26: What is the term for a cofactor tightly bound to an enzyme?
a) Prosthetic group
b) Coenzyme
c) Metal ion
d) Inhibitor
Answer: a) Prosthetic group
Question 27: Which of these is an example of a coenzyme?
a) NAD+
b) Mg2+
c) Fe2+
d) Zn2+
Answer: a) NAD+
Question 28: Which of these is an example of a metal ion cofactor?
a) NAD+
b) Mg2+
c) FAD
d) CoA
Answer: b) Mg2+
Question 29: Which enzyme is used in the production of high-fructose corn syrup?
a) Amylase
b) Glucose isomerase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: b) Glucose isomerase
Question 30: Which enzyme is used in cheese production?
a) Rennet
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) Rennet
Question 31: Which enzyme is used in detergents to break down proteins?
a) Protease
b) Lipase
c) Amylase
d) Cellulase
Answer: a) Protease
Question 31: Which enzyme is used in the textile industry for stone washing of jeans?
a) Cellulase
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) Cellulase
Question 32: Which enzyme is used in the production of biofuels?
a) Amylase
b) Cellulase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: b) Cellulase
Question 33: What is the term for the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction?
a) Activation energy
b) Free energy
c) Kinetic energy
d) Potential energy
Answer: a) Activation energy
Question 34: What is the term for the intermediate formed during an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
a) Transition state
b) Substrate
c) Product
d) Inhibitor
Answer: a) Transition state
Question 35: What is the term for the model that describes enzyme-substrate binding?
a) Lock-and-key model
b) Induced-fit model
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Both a and b
Question 36: What is the term for the change in enzyme shape upon substrate binding?
a) Induced fit
b) Lock-and-key
c) Transition state
d) Activation energy
Answer: a) Induced fit
Question 36: What is the term for the stabilization of the transition state by an enzyme?
a) Catalysis
b) Inhibition
c) Activation
d) Regulation
Answer: a) Catalysis
Question 37: Which enzyme is used to dissolve blood clots?
a) Streptokinase
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) Streptokinase
Question 38: Which enzyme is used to treat lactose intolerance?
a) Lactase
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) Lactase
Question 39: Which enzyme is used to treat cystic fibrosis?
a) DNase
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) DNase
Question 40: Which enzyme is used to treat heart attacks?
a) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
Question 41: Which enzyme is used to treat gout?
a) Uricase
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) Uricase
Question 42: Which enzyme is used in the production of biofuels?
a) Cellulase
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) Cellulase
Question 43: Which enzyme is used in the production of cheese?
a) Rennet
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) Rennet
Question 44: Which enzyme is used in the production of bread?
a) Amylase
b) Protease
c) Lipase
d) Cellulase
Answer: a) Amylase
Question 45: Which enzyme is used in the production of fruit juices?
a) Pectinase
b) Amylase
c) Protease
d) Lipase
Answer: a) Pectinase
Question 46: Which enzyme is used in the production of detergents?
a) Protease
b) Amylase
c) Lipase
d) Cellulase
Answer: a) Protease
Question 47: What is the term for enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different structures?
a) Isoenzymes
b) Allosteric enzymes
c) Zymogens
d) Coenzymes
Answer: a) Isoenzymes
Question 48: Which of these is an example of an isoenzyme?
a) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
b) Hexokinase
c) DNA polymerase
d) RNA polymerase
Answer: a) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Question 49: What is the term for enzymes that require metal ions for activity?
a) Metalloenzymes
b) Coenzymes
c) Apoenzymes
d) Holoenzymes
Answer: a) Metalloenzymes
Question 50: Which metal ion is commonly found in the active site of carbonic anhydrase?
a) Zinc (Zn²⁺)
b) Magnesium (Mg²⁺)
c) Iron (Fe²⁺)
d) Calcium (Ca²⁺)
Answer: a) Zinc (Zn²⁺)
Question 51: Which enzyme is used in PCR to amplify DNA?
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Ligase
d) Helicase
Answer: a) DNA polymerase
Question 52: Which enzyme is used in the food industry to tenderize meat?
a) Papain
b) Amylase
c) Lipase
d) Cellulase
Answer: a) Papain
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